Modern history in the Netherlands begins in the 1560s. It was during this time that the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule. Led by William of Orange, also called William the Silent, they declared their independence in 1581. The Netherlands was a republic, known as the United Provinces or the Dutch Republic. William was assassinated in 1584. In 1609 the Netherlands was at peace with Spain, but it was only for twelve years. In 1621 war broke out again, but the Spanish could not conquer the Netherlands and were forced to recognize Dutch independence in 1648.